Україньска повсталецька армада

Україньска повсталецька армада (укр. Українська повстанська армія, УПА), знама тыж під назвов як бандерівцї (укр. бандерівці) — україньска націоналістічна партізаньска формація заложена Орґанізаціёв україньскых націоналістів (ОУН) 14. октобра 1942.^[1] УПА зачала партізаньскы бої проти націстічного Нїмецьку, Совєтьского союзу^[2] і польскым підземным штатом ай польскыма комуністами.^[3] Провадила масакры Поляків на Волынї і во выходнім Галичі,^[4] котре Польско признала за ґеноціду.^{[lower-alpha 1]} В 1944 роцї, кедь нїмецька армада одступала, УПА зачала атаковати до єй тыла і зміцнёвати технікы. В концї юла 1944 ся УПА споїла з націстічным Нїмецьком, перестала нападати на позіції Вермахту і вымінёвав за воєньску поміч атакуючі совєтьску армаду.^[5]

Сімболіка

Нотації

↑ Жебы поняти прічіну того конфлікту, поз. собі статю о Паціфікації в Галичі

Референції

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↑ Arad, Yitzhak; Arad, Yitzchak (2010) (по en). In the Shadow of the Red Banner: Soviet Jews in the War Against Nazi Germany. Gefen Publishing House Ltd. p. 189. ISBN 978-965-229-487-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=NH0K92ZcNN0C. "The first UPA unit was officially established on October 14, 1942."
↑ Kondor, Katherine; Littler, Mark (2023) (по en). The Routledge Handbook of Far-Right Extremism in Europe. Taylor & Francis. pp. 22. ISBN 978-1-000-89703-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=UMnOEAAAQBAJ&dq=in+armed+confrontation+against+both+Nazi+and+Soviet+forces+and+is+infamous&pg=PA2018-IA3.
↑ Rudling, Per A. (2011), The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths, The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (2107): p. 14, doi:10.5195/cbp.2011.164, "While anti-German sentiments were widespread, according to captured activists, at the time of the Third Extraordinary Congress of the OUN(b), held in August 1943, its anti-German declarations were intended to mobilize support against the Soviets, and stayed mostly on the paper."
↑ Delphine, Bechtel (2013). The Holocaust in Ukraine – New Sources and Perspectives – The 1941 pogroms as represented in Western Ukrainian historiography and memorial culture. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.. pp. 3, 6. https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/20130500-holocaust-in-ukraine.pdf. "Some Ukrainian immigrant circles in Canada, the United States, and Germany had been active for decades in trying to suppress the topic and reacted to any testimony about Ukrainian anti-Jewish violence with virulent diatribes against what they dismissed as 'Jewish propaganda'... the Ukrainian Insurrectional Army (UPA), which was responsible for ethnic 'cleansing' actions against Poles and Jews in Volhynia and Galicia."
↑ Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust. McFarland. pp. 224, 233, 234. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4. http://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot. "... after the massive exodus of the Polish people created a hiatus in the flow of requisitions, the Germans decided to stop the UPA terrorist attacks against civilians ... These anti-Jewish actions were carried out by the members of the Ukrainian police who eventually joined the UPA ... By October (1944), all of Eastern Poland lay in Soviet hands. As the German army began its withdrawal, the UPA began to attack its rearguard and seize its equipment. The Germans reacted with raids on UPA positions. On July 15, 1944, the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (Ukrainska Holovna Vyzvolna Rada, or UHVR, an OUN-B outfit) was formed and, at the end of that month, signed an agreement with the Germans for a unified front against the Soviet threat. This ended the UPA attacks as well as the German countermeasures. In exchange for diversionary activities in the rear of the Soviet front, Germans began providing the Ukrainian underground with supplies, arms, and training materials."

[5] Жебы поняти прічіну того конфлікту, поз. собі статю о Паціфікації в Галичі

[:0-1] Arad, Yitzhak; Arad, Yitzchak (2010) (по en). In the Shadow of the Red Banner: Soviet Jews in the War Against Nazi Germany. Gefen Publishing House Ltd. p. 189. ISBN 978-965-229-487-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=NH0K92ZcNN0C. "The first UPA unit was officially established on October 14, 1942."

[2] Kondor, Katherine; Littler, Mark (2023) (по en). The Routledge Handbook of Far-Right Extremism in Europe. Taylor & Francis. pp. 22. ISBN 978-1-000-89703-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=UMnOEAAAQBAJ&dq=in+armed+confrontation+against+both+Nazi+and+Soviet+forces+and+is+infamous&pg=PA2018-IA3.

[3] Rudling, Per A. (2011), The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths, The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (2107): p. 14, doi:10.5195/cbp.2011.164, "While anti-German sentiments were widespread, according to captured activists, at the time of the Third Extraordinary Congress of the OUN(b), held in August 1943, its anti-German declarations were intended to mobilize support against the Soviets, and stayed mostly on the paper."

[:5-4] Delphine, Bechtel (2013). The Holocaust in Ukraine – New Sources and Perspectives – The 1941 pogroms as represented in Western Ukrainian historiography and memorial culture. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.. pp. 3, 6. https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/20130500-holocaust-in-ukraine.pdf. "Some Ukrainian immigrant circles in Canada, the United States, and Germany had been active for decades in trying to suppress the topic and reacted to any testimony about Ukrainian anti-Jewish violence with virulent diatribes against what they dismissed as 'Jewish propaganda'... the Ukrainian Insurrectional Army (UPA), which was responsible for ethnic 'cleansing' actions against Poles and Jews in Volhynia and Galicia."

[:6-6] Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998). Poland's Holocaust. McFarland. pp. 224, 233, 234. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4. http://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot. "... after the massive exodus of the Polish people created a hiatus in the flow of requisitions, the Germans decided to stop the UPA terrorist attacks against civilians ... These anti-Jewish actions were carried out by the members of the Ukrainian police who eventually joined the UPA ... By October (1944), all of Eastern Poland lay in Soviet hands. As the German army began its withdrawal, the UPA began to attack its rearguard and seize its equipment. The Germans reacted with raids on UPA positions. On July 15, 1944, the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (Ukrainska Holovna Vyzvolna Rada, or UHVR, an OUN-B outfit) was formed and, at the end of that month, signed an agreement with the Germans for a unified front against the Soviet threat. This ended the UPA attacks as well as the German countermeasures. In exchange for diversionary activities in the rear of the Soviet front, Germans began providing the Ukrainian underground with supplies, arms, and training materials."

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