Фіньско
Матеріал з Вікіпедії
| Фіньска републіка
Suomen tasavalta (Finnish)
Republiken Finland (Swedish) |
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| Гімна: Maamme (Finnish) Vårt land (Swedish) "Our Land" |
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![Location of Фіньско (dark green)– on the European continent (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) — [Legend]](/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:EU-Finland.svg) Location of Фіньско (dark green)
– on the European continent (green & dark grey) |
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| Головне місто (і найвекше місто) |
Helsinki 60°10′N 024°56′E / 60.167°N 24.933°E |
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| Офіціалный язык(ы) | Finnish, Swedish | |||||
| Узнаный реґіоналный языкs | Saami | |||||
| Етнохоронім | Finns, Finnish | |||||
| Влада | Parliamentary republic[1] | |||||
| - | President | Tarja Halonen | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Jyrki Katainen | ||||
| Independence | ||||||
| - | Autonomy from Sweden |
March 29, 1809 | ||||
| - | Declared from Bolshevik Russia |
December 6, 1917 | ||||
| - | Recognised | January 4, 1918 | ||||
| EU accession | January 1, 1995 | |||||
| Теріторія | ||||||
| - | Total | 338 424 km2 (64th) 130 596 sq mi |
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| - | Вода (%) | 10 | ||||
| Популація | ||||||
| - | 2010 estimate | 5,374,781[2] (112th) | ||||
| - | 2000 census | 5,180,000 | ||||
| - | Густота | 16/km2 (201st) 40/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2010 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $183.095 billion[3] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $34,044[3] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2010 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $240.139 billion[3] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $44,650.[3] | ||||
| Gini (2000) | 26.9 (low) | |||||
| HDI (2010) | ▲ 0.871[4] (very high) (16th) | |||||
| Валута | Euro (€)¹ (EUR) |
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| Часова зона | EET (UTC+2) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||||
| Date formats | d.m.yyyy | |||||
| Сторона движения | right | |||||
| Інтернет-домен | .fi, .ax ² | |||||
| Телефонный код | 358 | |||||
| 1 | Before 2002: Finnish markka | |||||
| 2 | The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. | |||||
Фіньско (Suomi) — країна в Европі, член Европской Унії.
- ↑ Formerly a semi-presidential republic, it's now a parliamentary republic according to David Arter, First Chair of Politics at Aberdeen University, who in his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008), quotes Jaakko Nousiainen in "From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government" in Scandinavian Political Studies 24 (2) p95-109 as follows: "There are hardly any grounds for the epithet 'semi-presidential'." Arter's own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced: "The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi-presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed-term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament (Elgie 2004: 317)". According to the Finnish Constitution, the President has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and substantially has not the power to disband the parliament under its own desire. Finland is actually represented by its Prime Minister, and not by its President, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union.
- ↑ Erreur de référence : Balise
<ref>incorrecte ; aucun texte n’a été fourni pour les références nomméesPopulation_clock. - ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 "Finland". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=172&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=28&pr.y=11. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2010". United Nations. 2010. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf. Retrieved 5 November 2010. and "Human Development Index trends, 1980–2010". United Nations. 2010. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table2.pdf. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
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