Ралф Валдо Емерсон
| Ралф Валдо Емерсон | |
|---|---|
 Ralph Waldo Emerson | |
| Чинность | поет, филозоф |
| Уроджѣня | мая 25., 1803 |
| Мѣсто роджѣня | Бостон, США |
| Упокоеня | апріля 27., 1882 (78 р.) |
| Мѣсто смерти | Конкорд, США |
| *** | |
Ралф Валдо Емерсон (анґл. Ralph Waldo Emerson; 25. мая 1803, Бостон, США — 27. апріля 1882, Конкорд, США) быв американськый автор, поет, тай філософ.[1][2]
Біоґрафія
[едітовати | едітовати жрідло]Ралф Валдо Емерсон родив ся в Бостоні, Масачусиці, США, в року 1803.[3] Втиц його быв унитатськый пастор,[4] а Ралф не слїдив униатську цирькву, місто, вун творив своїх система ідея, транцендендалство.[5] Вун перше написав о сьому в есею його «Природа» в року 1836.[6] Отиц його умер когды вун лиш мав 8 рокув.[7] Вун ся навчив в Хардфорді університиті.[8]
Много чоловікы в його родині были пасторы, и втиц його ся хотїв го ставати пастором тыж.[9] В року 1817, коли вун мав 14 року, вун зачинив його едукацію в Хардфорді.[10] Увун кунчав його едукацію в року 1821 и зачинив учити в ошколі.[11] В року 1825, вун ходив до Ошкола Богословю Хардфорда, обы быти пастором.[12] В року 1829 вун став ся головным пастором в цирькві в Бостоні.[13]
А в року 1831 жона його умерла.[14] Тай скоро потум, вун ходив до Європі.[15] Вертав ся помайже по року, пак ся оженив знов в року 1833. Емерсон не хотїв быти далше головов цирьков.[16] Зато почав говорити по салах і школах. Почав писати свої думкы в куртых писанях і бисїдах.[17] Його перше есе было "Природа". Стало ся єдным з найпопуларнїшых есеїв. Паньствує думка, же вильо ученых ся о ньом довідало по бисїдї в Хардфордый Духовный Ошколї в року 1837.[18] Емерсон ся став автором замест того, обы быв головов горожаньской церкви, так, же створив свій властный, а не чійсь іншый, план про свуй живот.[19]
Референції
[едітовати | едітовати жрідло]- ↑ Ralph Waldo Emerson. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emerson/. [перевірено 16. 1. 2021].англ.
- ↑ Ralph Waldo Emerson American author. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ralph-Waldo-Emerson. [перевірено 16. 1. 2021].англ.
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "1803. Born in Boston to William and Ruth Haskins Emerson."
- ↑ Academy of American Poets: "...son of the Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian pastor..."
- ↑ Penguin Books: "...contained the essence of his transcendental philosophy..."
- ↑ De Vere Society: "In 1836, Emerson published his first major work, 'Nature', which laid out the key tenets of transcendentalism."
- ↑ Mental Floss: "Emerson's father died... in 1811, when Emerson was just 7 years old."
- ↑ World History Encyclopedia: "His years at Harvard (1817-1821)..."
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "began his career as a Unitarian minister in Boston... continuing a long line of ministers in his family."
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "1817. Begins study at Harvard College."
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "1821. Graduates from Harvard and begins teaching..."
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "1825. Enters Harvard Divinity School."
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "1829. Marries Ellen Tucker and is ordained minister at Boston's Second Church."
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "1831. Ellen Tucker Emerson dies."
- ↑ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "1832. Resigns position as minister and sails for Europe."
- ↑ Poetry Foundation: "He left the church after the death of his first wife..."
- ↑ Penguin Books: "began a new career as a public lecturer... these lectures were the source of most of his essays."
- ↑ Academy of American Poets: His two most famous speeches — "The American Scholar" (1837) and "The Divinity School Address", which he delivered to graduates of Harvard Divinity School in 1838.
- ↑ Encyclopedia.com: "In his unorthodox ideas and actions he represented a minority of Americans, but by the end of his life he was considered a sage."
Література
[едітовати | едітовати жрідло]- Allen, Gay Wilson (1981). Waldo Emerson. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-74866-8. https://archive.org/details/waldoemerson00gayw.
- Baker, Carlos (1996). Emerson Among the Eccentrics: A Group Portrait. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-86675-X. https://archive.org/details/emersonamongecce00bake.
- Bosco, Ronald A.; Myerson, Joel (2006). Emerson Bicentennial Essays. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. ISBN 093490989X.
- Bosco, Ronald A.; Myerson, Joel (2006). The Emerson Brothers: A Fraternal Biography in Letters. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195140361. https://archive.org/details/emersonbrothersf0000bosc.
- Bosco, Ronald A.; Myerson, Joel (2003). Emerson in His Own Time. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. ISBN 0-87745-842-1.
- Bosco, Ronald A.; Myerson, Joel (2010). Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Documentary Volume. Detroit: Cengage Learning. ISBN 9780787681692. https://archive.org/details/ralphwaldoemerso0000unse_s2n0.
- Buell, Lawrence (2003). Emerson. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01139-2. https://archive.org/details/emerson00buel.
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1983). Essays and Lectures. New York: Library of America. ISBN 0-940450-15-1. https://archive.org/details/essayslectures0000emer.
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1994). Collected Poems and Translations. New York: Library of America. ISBN 0-940450-28-3. https://archive.org/details/collectedpoemstr0000emer.
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo (2010). Selected Journals: 1820–1842. New York: Library of America. ISBN 978-1-59853-067-4. https://archive.org/details/selectedjournals0000emer.
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo (2010). Selected Journals: 1841–1877. New York: Library of America. ISBN 978-1-59853-068-1.
- Gougeon, Len (2010). Virtue's Hero: Emerson, Antislavery, and Reform. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-3469-1. https://archive.org/details/virtuesheroemers0000unse.
- Gura, Philip F. (2007). American Transcendentalism: A History. New York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-3477-2. https://archive.org/details/americantranscen00gura.
- Kaplan, Justin (1979). Walt Whitman: A Life. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-22542-1. https://archive.org/details/waltwhitmanlife00kapl.
- Koch, Daniel R. (2012). Ralph Waldo Emerson in Europe: Class, Race and Revolution in the Making of an American Thinker. London: I. B. Tauris. https://archive.org/details/ralphwaldoemerso0000koch.
- McAleer, John (1984). Ralph Waldo Emerson: Days of Encounter. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-55341-7. https://archive.org/details/ralphwaldoemerso00mcal.
- Mudge, Jean McClure (ed.) Mr. Emerson's Revolution.. Cambridge, MA: Open Book. 2015..
- Myerson, Joel (2000). A Historical Guide to Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512094-9. https://archive.org/details/historicalguidet0000unse_e2w8.
- Myerson, Joel, ред. (2010). The Oxford Handbook of Transcendentalism. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533103-5.
- Packer, Barbara L. (2007). The Transcendentalists. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-2958-1. https://archive.org/details/transcendentalis0000pack.
- Paolucci, Stefano (2008), Emerson Writes to Clough. A Lost Letter Found in Italy, "emerson Society Papers" Шаблона:Page2: 1, 4-5 (Emerson Society Papers: 19.1 (2008), 1, 4–5.), https://www.academia.edu/14212652
- Porte, Joel, ред. (1999). The Cambridge Companion to Ralph Waldo Emerson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49946-1. https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_b7y0.
- Richardson, Robert D. Jr. (1995). Emerson: The Mind on Fire. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08808-5. https://archive.org/details/emersonmindonfir0000rich.
- Rosenwald, Lawrence (1988). Emerson and the Art of the Diary. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505333-8.
- Rusk, Ralph Leslie (1957). The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Columbia University Press. https://archive.org/details/lifeofralphwaldo0000rusk.
- Slater, Joseph (ed.) The Correspondence of Emerson and Carlyle. New York: Columbia University Press. 1964..
- Stephen, Leslie (1902). Emerson. Studies of a Biographer. London: Duckworth. с. 130–67.
- Sullivan, Wilson (1972). New England Men of Letters. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-788680-8. https://archive.org/details/newenglandmenofl0000sull.
- von Frank, Albert J. (1994). An Emerson Chronology. New York: G. K. Hall. ISBN 0-8161-7266-8. https://archive.org/details/emersonchronolog0000vonf.
- Von Mehren, Joan (1994). Minerva and the Muse: A Life of Margaret Fuller. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1-55849-015-9. https://archive.org/details/minervamuse00joan.
- Long, Roderick (2008). Hamowy, Ronald. ed. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. pp. 142–43. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n89. ISBN 978-1412965804. OCLC 750831024. https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC.
- Sacks, Kenneth S. (2003). Understanding Emerson: "The American Scholar" and His Struggle for Self-Reliance. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691099828. https://archive.org/details/understandingeme0000sack.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson papers, 1814–1867 (25 boxes) are housed at the Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Columbia University
- Finding aid to Ralph Waldo Emerson letters at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson additional papers, 1852–1898 (.5 linear feet) are housed at Houghton Library at Harvard University.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson lectures and sermons, c. 1831–1882 (10 linear feet) are housed at Houghton Library at Harvard University.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson letters to Charles King Newcomb, 1842 March 18 – 1, 858 July 25 (22 items) are housed at the Concord Public Library.